On the other hand, some borders are merely signposted. Customs and Border Protection service has jurisdiction to operate up to 100 miles from any land or sea boundary. These can extend inland, as in the United States where the U.S. In places where smuggling, migration, and infiltration are a problem, many countries fortify borders with fences and barriers, and institute formal border control procedures.

Controls on car liability insurance validity and other formalities may also take place. Moving goods, animals, or people illegally across a border, without declaring them or seeking permission, or deliberately evading official inspection, constitutes smuggling. Most countries prohibit carrying illegal drugs or endangered animals across their borders. Animals (and occasionally humans) moving across borders may need to go into quarantine to prevent the spread of exotic infectious diseases. Moving goods across a border often requires the payment of excise tax, often collected by customs officials. To stay or work within a country's borders aliens (foreign persons) may need special immigration documents or permits but possession of such documents does not guarantee that the person should be allowed to cross the border. Some borders require presentation of legal paperwork like passports and visas, or other identity documents, for persons to cross borders. Under international law, each country is generally permitted to legislate the conditions that have to be met in order to cross its borders, and to prevent people from crossing its borders in violation of those laws. Most countries have some form of border control to regulate or limit the movement of people, animals, and goods into and out of the country. For the purposes of border control, airports and seaports are also classed as borders. In modern times, marchlands have been replaced by clearly defined and demarcated borders. Special cases in modern times were the Saudi Arabian–Iraqi neutral zone from 1922 to 1991 and the Saudi Arabian–Kuwaiti neutral zone from 1922 until 1970. In the past, many borders were not clearly defined lines instead there were often intervening areas often claimed and fought over by both sides, sometimes called marchlands. Therefore borderland (especially impassable terrain) attracted many outlaws, as they often found sympathizers. During the medieval period the government's control frequently diminished the further people got from the capital. Sapporo, Japan.In the pre-modern world, the term border was vague and could refer to either side of the boundary, thus it was necessary to specify part of it with borderline or borderland. In addition to this, highly parallelized processing components can be obtained, and if the proposed method is applied to the parallel processing hardware implementation, performance enhancement will be apparent by exploiting parallelism included in our superimposed BS matrix method.APSIPA ASC 2009: Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association, 2009 Annual Summit and Conference. Simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve performance enhancement, ranging from 64.4% to 80.3%, within reasonable processing time. JM reference software, and verified that our method meets the specification of JM reference such as boundary strength values and PSNR. In this paper, we reduce the number of branch operations so as to cope with computational complexity, and such as pipeline stalls. Abstract This paper presents the so-called 'superimposed boundary strength matrix method' for the decision process for an in-loop deblocking filter.

Superimposed boundary